Research progress of autophagy in prostate diseases / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Autophagy is a basic cellular mechanism, which not only acts as a " housekeeper" in the normal physiological and biochemical processes of cells, but also participates in the occurrence and development of many diseases. Many studies have shown that autophagy is closely related to prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Autophagy plays an important role both in the onset of the disease and in the treatment of the disease. This article expounds the influence and mechanism of autophagy in prostate diseases, and provides new ideas and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate diseases.

Multi-epitope vaccine design using an immunoinformatics approach for 2019 novel coronavirus in China (SARS-CoV-2)

A new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused over 9.2 million infection cases and 475758 deaths worldwide. Due to the rapid dissemination and the unavailability of specific therapy, there is a desperate need for vaccines to combat the epidemic of SARS-CoV-2. An in silico approach based on the available virus genome was applied to identify 19 high immunogenic B-cell epitopes and 499 human-leukocyte-antigen (HLA) restricted T-cell epitopes. Thirty multi-epitope peptide vaccines were designed by iNeo Suite, and manufactured by solid-phase synthesis. Docking analysis showed stable hydrogen bonds of epitopes with their corresponding HLA alleles. When four vaccine peptide candidates from the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 were selected to immunize mice, a significantly larger amount of IgG in serum as well as an increase of CD19+ cells in ILNs was observed in peptide-immunized mice compared to the control mice. The ratio of IFN-{gamma}-secreting lymphocytes in CD4+ or CD8+ cells in the peptides-immunized mice were higher than that in the control mice. There were also a larger number of IFN-{gamma}-secreting T cells in spleen in the peptides-immunized mice. This study screened antigenic B-cell and T-cell epitopes in all encoded proteins of SARS-CoV-2, and further designed multi-epitope based peptide vaccine against viral structural proteins. The obtained vaccine peptides successfully elicited specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. Primate experiments and clinical trial are urgently required to validate the efficacy and safety of these vaccine peptides. ImportanceSo far, a new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused over 9.2 million infection cases and 475758 deaths worldwide. Due to the rapid dissemination and the unavailability of specific therapy, there is a desperate need for vaccines to combat the epidemic of SARS-CoV-2. Different from the development approaches for traditional vaccines, the development of our peptide vaccine is faster and simpler. In this study, we performed an in silico approach to identify the antigenic B-cell epitopes and human-leukocyte-antigen (HLA) restricted T-cell epitopes, and designed a panel of multi-epitope peptide vaccines. The resulting SARS-CoV-2 multi-epitope peptide vaccine could elicit specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice efficiently, displaying its great potential in our fight of COVID-19.

Clinical analysis of 24 cases of multi-segment injury of brachial plexus / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To explore the diagnosis and treatment of the multi-segment injury of brachial plexus and provide reference for diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.Methods:From October, 2012 to January, 2015, 24 patients (21 males and 3 females, aged 7-46, average at 25.06±13.01 years) who suffered multi segments injury of brachial plexus were treated by surgical operations. Time from injury to surgery was 7 days to 7 months, with (2.43±2.15) months in average. The general data, injuries and surgical procedures of the patients were recorded. Muscle strength grading was used to evaluate and analyse the curative effect.Results:Twenty-four cases were followed-up for 3.1-7.2 years, with 4.3 years in average. Of the patients, 58.3% of the injuries were caused by mechanical traction. Combined injuries were counted for 83.3%, of which 62.5% combined with ipsilateral limb fractures, 20.8% (5/24) involved in the root of brachial plexus, 79.2% (19/24) with upper part of the clavicle, 91.6% (22/24) with lower part of the clavicle, 16.7% (4/24) with branches of the brachial plexus and 91.7% (22/24) with injuries of 2 segments, 8.3% (2/24) with injuries of 3 segments. At the last followed-up, 55.0% of the patients achieved better than M 3 in total muscle strength. The excellent and good rate was 70.8% in neurolysis group and 42.9% in multiple segment injury group. Conclusion:The mechanism of multi segments injury of brachial plexus is special, and the actual injury is difficult to be located. For patients with multi segments injury, surgical operation should be carried out as early as possible, and the correct surgical procedure can only be determined after the exploration of all sections of the brachial plexus.

Inhibition of activator protein 1 attenuates neuroinflammation and brain injury after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage.

AIMS: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating type of stroke without specific treatment. Activator protein 1 (AP-1), as a gene regulator, initiates cytokine expression in response to environmental stimuli. In this study, we investigated the relationship between AP-1 and neuroinflammation-associated brain injury triggered by ICH. METHODS: Intracerebral hemorrhage mice were developed by autologous blood or collagenase infusion. We measured the dynamics of AP-1 in mouse brain tissues during neuroinflammation formation after ICH. The effects of the AP-1 inhibitor SR11302 on brain injury and neuroinflammation as well as the underlying mechanisms were investigated in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS: AP-1 was significantly upregulated in mouse brain tissue as early as 6 hours after ICH, accompanied by elevations in proinflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1ß, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Inhibition of AP-1 using SR11302 reduced neurodeficits and brain edema at day 3 after ICH. SR11302 ablated microglial IL-6 and TNF-α production and brain-infiltrating leukocytes in ICH mice. In addition, SR11302 treatment diminished thrombin-induced production of IL-6 and TNF-α in cultured microglia. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of AP-1 curbs neuroinflammation and reduces brain injury following ICH.

Efficacy evaluation of 104-week telbivudine therapy in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B / 中国感染与化疗杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of telbivudine in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients by comparing the efficacy of initial telbivudine therapy in treatment-naive patients with sequential telbivudine therapy in patients with poor response to adefovir.Methods A total of 90 HBeAg-positive CHB patients were assigned to receive sequential telbivudine therapy following poor response to adefovir dipivoxil (n=45),or initial telbivudine therapy in antiviral treatment-naive patients (n=45).All patients were treated with telbivudine 600 mg daily for 104 weeks.The efficacy was evaluated in terms of liver function tests,serum HBV markers,HBV DNA and antiviral drug resistance.Results Telbivudine showed good overall efficacy after treatment for 104 weeks in terms of alanine aminotransferase normalization rate (91.1％),HBV DNA negative conversion rate (80.0％),HBeAg loss rate (57.8％),and HBeAg/HBeAb seroconversion rate (30.0％).The HBV DNA negative conversion rate in initial treatment group was significantly higher than that in sequential treatment group (P＜0.05).However,among the patients with early response,the efficacy did not show significant difference between groups (P＞0.05).The patients with early response showed significantly better efficacy than those without early response,in terms of higher HBV DNA negative conversion rate,higher HBeAg loss rate and HBeAg/ HBeAb seroconversion rate (P＜0.000 1 or P＜0.05),but lower virological breakthrough rate (P＜0.05).Conclusions Telbivudine has shown reliable efficacy in CHB patients.Initial telbivudine therapy is better than sequential therapy in CHB patients with poor response to adefovir.However,for patients with early response to telbivudine,no statistical difference is found between initial and sequential therapy in long-term treatment efficacy (104 weeks).The patients receiving sequential telbivudine therapy should be monitored closely for early antiviral response to optimize treatment.

A customized vacuum cushion for immobilization in the radiotherapy of pelvic malignancies / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To evaluate the performance of a customized vacuum-form body immobilization method in the radiotherapy of pelvic malignancies by comparing it with conventional approaches, thus to improve immobilization accuracy in the radiotherapy of pelvic malignancies. Methods A total of 66 patients with pelvic malignancies were enrolled in this study. These patients were divided into three groups according to three immobilization approaches: radiotherapy board ( Group N ) , conventional vacuum cushion ( Group V ) , and a customized vacuum cushion specifically for pelvic immobilization ( Group New-V) . Setup deviations of these immobilizations were comparatively evaluated by translational and rotational errors during intra-fractional measurements. Results The average translational setup errors in vertical(x), longitudinal(y), lateral(z) and rotational error r were (0. 35 ± 0. 37), (0. 21 ± 0. 22), (0. 29 ± 0. 28) cm and (0. 70 ± 0. 65)° for Group New-V; (0. 44 ± 0. 43), (0. 31 ± 0. 62), (0. 45 ± 0. 60) cm and (1. 25 ± 1. 00)° for Group N; (0. 38 ± 0. 36), (0. 27 ± 0. 25), (0. 32 ± 0. 29) cm and (1. 09 ± 0. 77)° for Group V, respectively. Significant differences were observed in r direction among these three method (F=7. 859,P <0. 05). Group New-V with customized cushion showed the least standard deviations in four directions and the least setup error in r direction compared with the other two method (F=3. 166,P<0. 05). Reconstructed dose distribution based on the isocenter shift result ed from setup errors revealed that Group New-V showed the least deviations in the minimum and mean dose and of the planning target volume (PTV) before and after isocenter shift(F=8. 018, P<0. 05). Conclusions The customized vacuum cushion provided best immobilization and dosimetric advantage. It helps to optimize the immobilization accuracy and improve the clinic outcome potentially.

Relationship between M-Protein of Multiple Myeloma and False Positive Syphilis Serological Results / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The false positive in conventional syphilis serological test was found in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).</p><p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between the M-protein of patients with MM and the false positive in conventional syphilis serologic test.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The M-protein of 68 MM cases was typed with immunofixation electrophoresis and 68 cases of MM were screened with non-specific and specific syphilis serologic tests, then the samples with syphilic serological positive were chosen and confirmed with immonobloting test, finally the relationship between M protein of MM and the false positive of syphilis serological test were analysed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Four out of 68 cases showed the positive in syphilis serological test and further were confimed to be false positive by immunoblotting test, the false positive rate was nearly 6%. The M-protein of MM patients in our hospital mostly possessed IgG, κ type, followed by IgA, κ type, light chain κ type. In general, κ : λ = 2.4 : 1. Among samples of 4 cases with syphilis serological positive 2 cases were of IgG and κ type, 1 case was of IgG, λ type, another 1 case was IgA, κ type.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The M-protein of IgG and IgA types in MM patients results in syphilis serological false positive reaction. The clinicians and laboratorial technicians should pay a great attention to screen the MM patients for the false positive syphilis serological test so as to avoid the misdiagnosis and subsequent embarassment.</p>

Correlation between Nutritional Megaloblastic Anemia and Homocysteine in Shenzhen / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To discuss the correlation between nutritional megaloblastic anemia and homocysteine,in order that e-valuate the application of homocysteine in some aspects that detection and treatment of megaloblatic anemia.Methods The study was divided into three groups,included case group (MA group,n=192,including megaloblatic anemia of vitamin B12 deficiency,n=60;megaloblatic anemia of folic acid deficiency,n=69;megaloblatic anemia of folic acid and vitamin B12 defi-ciency,n=63),matched group (heathy persons,n=200)and treated group (persons who recovered from megaloblatic ane-mia,n=192).Results The difference on homolevel in plasma between case group and matched group had statistical sidnifi-cance (t=3.56,3.21,2.78,P 0.05).The Hcy levels of folic acid deficiency vitamin B12 de-ficiency,vitamin B12 deficiency and folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiency had no statistical sidnificance (t=1.42,P >0.05). Conclusion The homocysteine level of patients who had nutritional megaloblatic anemia higher than heathy persons.High level of homocysteine had correction between the nutritional megaloblatic anemia.The lack of some nutrition facters (eg:fo-lic acid,vitamin B12)can lead to high homocysteine disease.Detecting the change of homocysteine level in plasma can guide the treatment of nutritional megaloblatic anemia.

The effect of LPS on airway inflammation, airway remodeling and TLR4 expression in asthmatic rat / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on airway inflammation, airway remodeling and the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA in asthmatic rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four SPF level SD rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6): control group, low dose of LPS group, high dose of LPS group and asthma group. Using ovalbumin (OVA) to sensitize and challenge to establish asthmatic rat model. Observed pathological changes of lung tissue by HE staining, inflammatory cell infiltration was observed by airway wall eosinophils (EOS) counts; airway resistance was determined; image analysis software was used to determine the thickness of airway wall, detected airway smooth muscle TLR4 expression levels by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rat airway resistance and the EOS number of airway wall and the thickness of airway wall in asthma group, low dose of LPS group and high dose of LPS group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.01). The above-mentioned parameters of high dose of LPS group showed significantly lower than those in asthma group and low dose of LPS group (P < 0.05). The expression of rat airway smooth muscle TLR4 mRNA in low dose of LPS group and high dose of LPS group were significantly higher than those in asthma group (P < 0.01). And the expression of rat airway smooth muscle TLR4 mRNA in high dose of LPS group was significantly higher than that in low dose of LPS group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TLR4 plays an important role in asthmatic airway inflammation and airway remodeling, LPS may play double-sided regulation in asthmatic airway inflammation and airway remodeling by activated TLR4.</p>

Management Situation of Cross Infection in Outpatient Service of Stomatology in Hospital and Private Clinic: An Investigation and Analysis / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the management situation of cross infection in outpatient service of stomatology in hospital and clinic in Zhanjiang city and conduct effective measure to control hospital infection.METHODS In our investigation,we selected 105 hospitals and private clinics to inspect their management situation of cross (infection) via dental(instrument).RESULTS The management in the hospitals of the city was quite qualified but the some private dental clinics were terrible.The main problems were as follows: no effective disinfection for dental instrument and the bad environment in procedure room,especially the worse sterilization situation of the dental handpieces.Most of the doctors in private clinics were short of knowledge in the sterilization for dental(instruments.) CONCLUSIONS There is no time to delay for the health administration department to normalize the management of the private dental clinics.It is essential to train the medical staffs,and implement measures for dental instrument disinfection management in private dental clinics.